Japanese Grammar

The Masu-Form (Polite Form)

The Masu-form (~ใพใ™) is the standard polite form in Japanese. It's the safest and most common way to speak with people you don't know well.

Why use the Masu-form?

In Japanese, the level of politeness changes depending on who you are talking to. The dictionary form (plain form) is used with close friends and family.

The Masu-form is used in most everyday situations: talking to strangers, teachers, older people, or colleagues. If you aren't sure which form to use, the Masu-form is always the safest choice.

Mastering the Masu-form also unlocks other grammar patterns, like saying 'I want to...' (~tai) or 'Let's...' (~mashou).

Masu-Form Conjugation Rules

Group 1 (U-Verbs)
ๆ›ธใ (kaku)
โ†’ๆ›ธใใพใ™ (kakimasu)
Change the 'u' sound to 'i', add masu
่ฉฑใ™ (hanasu)
โ†’่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ (hanashimasu)
su -> shi + masu
ๅพ…ใค (matsu)
โ†’ๅพ…ใกใพใ™ (machimasu)
tsu -> chi + masu
ๆญปใฌ (shinu)
โ†’ๆญปใซใพใ™ (shinimasu)
nu -> ni + masu
้ฃฒใ‚€ (nomu)
โ†’้ฃฒใฟใพใ™ (nomimasu)
mu -> mi + masu
ๅ‘ผใถ (yobu)
โ†’ๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ (yobimasu)
bu -> bi + masu
ๅธฐใ‚‹ (kaeru)
โ†’ๅธฐใ‚Šใพใ™ (kaerimasu)
ru -> ri + masu
่ฒทใ† (kau)
โ†’่ฒทใ„ใพใ™ (kaimasu)
u -> i + masu
ๆณณใ (oyogu)
โ†’ๆณณใŽใพใ™ (oyogimasu)
gu -> gi + masu
Group 2 (Ru-Verbs)
้ฃŸในใ‚‹ (taberu)
โ†’้ฃŸในใพใ™ (tabemasu)
Drop 'ru', add masu
่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ (miru)
โ†’่ฆ‹ใพใ™ (mimasu)
Drop 'ru', add masu
Group 3 (Irregular)
ใ™ใ‚‹ (suru)
โ†’ใ—ใพใ™ (shimasu)
To do
ใใ‚‹ (kuru)
โ†’ใใพใ™ (kimasu)
To come
Past & Negative Forms
Present Affirmative
โ†’ใ€œใพใ™ (masu)
I will do / I do
Present Negative
โ†’ใ€œใพใ›ใ‚“ (masen)
I will not do / I don't do
Past Affirmative
โ†’ใ€œใพใ—ใŸ (mashita)
I did
Past Negative
โ†’ใ€œใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ (masen deshita)
I didn't do

Example Sentences

ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
Mainichi, nihongo o benkyou shimasu.
I study Japanese every day.
ใใฎใ†ใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
Kinou, eiga o mimashita.
I watched a movie yesterday.
ใŠ่‚‰ใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
Oniku o tabemasen.
I don't eat meat.

Teacher's Advice

General Advice

The part of the verb before 'masu' is called the 'Masu-stem' (e.g., 'tabe' from 'tabemasu', 'nomi' from 'nomimasu'). This stem is highly useful! You can add '~tai' to mean 'want to' (tabetai - want to eat) or '~nasai' for commands (tabenasai - eat!). Remember the stem!

JLPT Patterns

  • โ€ขใ€œใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† (~mashou) - Let's do (N5)
  • โ€ขใ€œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ (~masen ka) - Won't you do / Would you like to do (N5)
  • โ€ขใ€œใŸใ„ใงใ™ (~tai desu) - Want to do (N5)
  • โ€ขใ€œใซใ„ใใพใ™ (~ni ikimasu) - Go to do something (N5)

Practice Polite Japanese

Try our grammar exercises to master the Masu-form in all its tenses.

Start Practicing โ†’
Japanese Masu-Form (Polite Form) Guide | Nihongo Pass